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Evidence ID: COS-EV01
Evidence: Borde-Guth-Vilenkin Theorem
Summary: The universe is not self-existent. It did not exist from eternity past but had a beginning a finite time ago. In 2003, Arvind Borde, Alan Guth and Alexander Vilenkin were the first to develop a mathematical proof that described the universe as not having an infinite past, but rather, a singularity beginning.
Description:
In 2003, mathematician Arvind Borde, and physicists Alan Guth and Alexander Vilenkin were able to prove mathematically that any universe which has been expanding throughout its history did not exist from eternity past but had a past space-time boundary.
What makes their proof so powerful is that it holds so long as time and causality hold. Their theory does not rely of any other physical factors present in the early universe. It is independent of the theory of gravitation as defined by Einstein which relies on the presence of mass and gravity.
The Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem is yet another demonstration that the universe had a beginning. Their approach was unique from Einstein's theory, and Friedman and Georges LeMaître's model of the universe. Taken together, these three approaches reinforce the theory of a past space-time boundary.
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